VIBRIO VULNIFICUS - USA: (FLORIDA) FATAL
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Date: Tue 14 Aug 2012
Source: Bay News 9 [edited]
<http://www.baynews9.com/content/news/baynews9/news/article.html/content/news/articles/bn9/2012/8/14/after_2_deaths_hills.html>
Hillsborough County (FL) health officials have issued a warning about a potentially deadly bacterium that can be contracted from eating raw or undercooked oysters or swimming in local waters with open wounds.
According to the Hillsborough County Health Department, 2 Hillsborough residents have died in 2012 from _Vibrio vulnificus_ infections and 5 other cases have been reported in the county.
The organism _Vibrio vulnificus_ occurs naturally [especially] in coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It is especially common during the summer months when water temperatures are warmer. Infections are most often due to consumption of raw oysters and other undercooked raw shellfish. They can also result from exposure of open wounds or sores to seawater.
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[The following is excerpted from the "Bad Bug Book," Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US FDA (Food & Drug Administration) at
<http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap10.html>:
_Vibrio vulnificus_, a lactose-fermenting, halophilic, Gram negative, opportunistic pathogen, is found in estuarine environments and associated with various marine species such as plankton, shellfish (oysters, clams, and crabs), and finfish. Environmental factors responsible for controlling numbers of _V. vulnificus_ in seafood and in the environment include temperature, pH, salinity, and amounts of dissolved organics. It may be normal flora in salt water and acquiring this organism from shellfish or water exposure does not imply that the water is contaminated by sewage.
Wound infections result either from contaminating an open wound with sea water harboring the organism, or by lacerating part of the body on coral, fish, etc., followed by contamination with the organism. The ingestion of _V. vulnificus_ by healthy individuals can result in gastroenteritis. The "primary septicemia" form of the disease follows consumption of raw seafood containing the organism by individuals with underlying chronic disease, particularly liver disease. The organism can also enter through damaged skin. In these individuals, the microorganism enters the blood stream, resulting in septic shock, rapidly followed by death in many cases (about 50 per cent).
Over 70 per cent of infected individuals have distinctive bulbous skin lesions (shown at <http://safeoysters.org/medical/diagnosis.html>). - Mod.LL
The state of Florida can be located on the HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map at <http://healthmap.org/r/2gcM>. Hillsborough County in western Florida can be located on the map at <http://www.digital-topo-maps.com/county-map/florida.shtml>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]
[see also:
Vibrio vulnificus, fatal - China (02): (HK) 20120623.1178668 Vibrio vulnificus, fatal - China: (HK) 20120531.1150595 Necrotizing fasciitis - USA: (HI), Vibrio vulnificus suspected 20120317.1072640
2011
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Vibrio vulnificus, fatal - Taiwan: (TW) raw oyster 20110914.2804
2009
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Vibrio vulnificus - USA: Gulf oyster ban planned 20091030.3756 Necrotizing fasciitis, fatal - Canada: (MB) 20090118.0222
2007
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Vibrio vulnificus, salt water exposure - USA (LA) 20070724.2376 Vibrio vulnificus, salt water exposure - USA (TX) 20070719.2317 Vibrio vulnificus, shellfish - USA (FL) 20070427.1376 Vibrio vulnificus, 2000-2005 - Australia (NT) 20070302.0742
2006
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Vibrio vulnificus, oysters - USA (GA) 20060930.2805 Vibrio vulnificus - Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) 20060819.2319 Vibrio vulnificus - USA: RI 20060805.2173
2005
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Vibrio vulnificus, post-hurricane - USA (04): Additional Vibrio species 20050915.2723 Vibrio vulnificus, post-hurricane - USA 20050906.2642 Vibrio vulnificus, salt water exposure - USA (MD) 20050905.2622
2004
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Vibrio vulnificus, oysters - USA (FL) 20041120.3117 Vibrio vulnificus - USA (TX) 20040816.2274
2003
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Vibrio vulnificus, fatal - Israel (03) 20031230.3173 Vibrio vulnificus, fatal - Israel 20031229.3159] .................................................ll/mj/sh
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