The Raelian Movement
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Reshaping the gut microbiome could herald new treatments for bowel diseases
http://www.physorg.com/news201791373.html
August 23, 2010
Home to a diverse range of microorganisms, a healthy human body
contains at least tenfold more bacteria cells than human cells. The
most abundant and diverse microbial community resides in the
intestine, and changes to the gut microbiota are linked with diseases
such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In a report published
online today in Genome Research, researchers have analyzed the
long-term effects of gut bacterial transplantation in rats, revealing
crucial insight that will aid in the development of new treatments.
The human gut microbiome is unique to each individual and can include
more than one thousand different species. Recent evidence has
implicated disruptions to the homeostasis of the gut microbiome as
playing a role in inflammatory bowel diseases, but treatments aimed at
reshaping the microbial content with prebiotics, probiotics, or
antibiotics have failed to induce stable, long-term improvements in
bacterial diversity.
An attractive alternative to these approaches is the transplantation
of gut microbiota from a healthy donor to an ill recipient. Several
case reports of biotherapy by transplantation of fecal microbiota have
revealed promising results, but the effectiveness of transplantation
alone or in combination with other treatments have not been rigorously
examined.
Using rats as a model system, an international team of researchers
from Spain and the United States have now employed metagenomics to
analyze the extent to which gut microbial diversity can be reshaped by
transplantation alone or in combination with antibiotic treatment. The
team sampled and pooled contents of the cecum from several donor rats,
and introduced this bacteria-rich cecal material into the gut of
recipient rats, some of which had also received antibiotic treatment
to reduce the endogenous bacterial load.
By sequencing and analyzing microbial DNA present in the feces of
recipient rats, the group could identify bacteria present and monitor
changes in microbial diversity induced by the donor microbiota.
Surprisingly, they found that not only could gut microbial diversity
be successfully reshaped to resemble that of the donor, but that these
changes are long-term, persisting three months after transplantation.
Further, although the researchers observed a reduction in microbial
diversity following antibiotic pre-treatment of the recipient,
consistent with previous findings, antibiotic treatment did not
promote the establishment of the donor community, as hypothesized. In
fact, their data suggests it interfered with the reshaping effect of
the transplantation.
"Our work showed that it is possible to introduce new species in the
intestinal microbial composition … without the need of eliminating
first the endogenous bacteria by antibiotic treatment," said
Chaysavanh Manichanh of the University Hospital Vall d'Hebron Research
Institute (Barcelona, Spain) and first author of the study. The
authors explained that because this insight is counterintuitive, it
will be extremely valuable to researchers designing novel approaches
using bacteriotherapy as an effective treatment for intestinal
diseases.
More information: Manichanh C, Reeder J, Gibert P, Varela E, Llopis M,
Antolin M, Guigo R, Knight R, Guarner F. Reshaping the gut microbiome
with bacterial transplantation and antibiotic intake. Genome Res
doi:10.1101/gr.107987.110
Provided by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
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"Ethics" is simply a last-gasp attempt by deist conservatives and
orthodox dogmatics to keep humanity in ignorance and obscurantism,
through the well tried fermentation of fear, the fear of science and
new technologies.
There is nothing glorious about what our ancestors call history,
it is simply a succession of mistakes, intolerances and violations.
On the contrary, let us embrace Science and the new technologies
unfettered, for it is these which will liberate mankind from the
myth of god, and free us from our age old fears, from disease,
death and the sweat of labour.
Rael
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