CHOLERA O75 - USA: (FLORIDA) RAW OYSTERS, WARNING
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[In contrast to _V. cholerae_ serotype O1 and O139, the non-O1,
non-O139 _V. cholerae_ (NCV) are not associated with cholera epidemics but with sporadic cases or small outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease. Occasionally they can cause extraintestinal disease including wound infections and septicemia. A few NCV strains produce cholera enterotoxin, the toxin responsible for massive dehydrating diarrhea.
Some strains can have other virulence genes leading to less severe intestinal symptoms. The presence of typical rice water stools and dehydration are uncommon in NCV infection and suggest cholera enterotoxin production.
The following is the citation that first described O75 as a cause of a cluster of illness in the USA: Tobin-D'Angelo M, Smith AR, Bulens
SN: Severe diarrhea caused by cholera toxin-producing _Vibrio cholerae_ serogroup O75 Infections Acquired in the Southeastern United States.
Clin Infect Dis. (2008) 47(8): 1035-40 (available at
<http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/47/8/1035.long>):
Abstract
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Background: from 2003 through 2007, _Vibrio cholerae_ serogroup O75 strains possessing the cholera toxin gene were isolated from 6 patients with severe diarrhea, including 3 in Georgia, 2 in Alabama, and 1 in South Carolina. These reports represent the 1st identiï¬cation of _V. cholerae_ O75 as a cause of illness in the USA.
_V. cholerae_ O75 was isolated from a water sample collected from a pond in Louisiana in 2004. Subsequently, 3 _V. cholerae_ isolates from Louisiana (2 from patients with diarrhea in 2000 and 1 from a water sample collected in 1978) that had been previously reported as serogroup O141 were also discovered to be serogroup O75.
Results: all 8 patients who were infected with _V. cholerae_ O75 were adults who became ill after consuming seafood; 2 had eaten raw oysters traced back to the Gulf Coast of the United States. All 10 isolates possessed the cholera toxin gene and were susceptible to 10 antimicrobials. One clinical isolate and one environmental (water) isolate had the same pulsed-ï¬eld gel electrophoresis pattern; 4 clinical isolates shared a common pulsed-ï¬eld gel electrophoresis pattern.
Conclusions: the occurrence of these cases over many years and the concurrent identiï¬cation of _V. cholerae_ O75 in water from a Gulf Coast state suggest that these strains may survive for long periods in this environment. The patients' exposure histories suggest that infection can be acquired from consumption of raw oysters from the Gulf Coast. Clinicians and public health authorities should be vigilant for the occurrence of new toxigenic serogroups of _V.
cholerae_ that are capable of causing severe diarrhea." - Mod.LL]
[see also:
2009
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Cholera, non-O1 - Netherlands ex Spain (02): (CN) 20090818.2931 Cholera, non-O1 - Netherlands ex Spain (CN) 20090803.2725
2006
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Cholera, non-O1, non-O139 - Poland 20061207.3450 Cholera, non-O1, non-O139 - Netherlands (North) 20060811.2255 Cholera, non-O1, non-O139 - Sweden (Blekinge): wound infection
20060804.2157
2005
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Vibrio vulnificus, post-hurricane - USA(04): Additional Vibrio species 20050915.2723
2001
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Cholera O13 - China (Hainan): RFI 20010418.0768] .................................................ll/mj/lm/ll
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