KOI HERPESVIRUS DISEASE - ITALY: (VENETO), OIE
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Date: 8 May 2012
Source: OIE, WAHID [edited]
<http://web.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=single_report&pop=1&reportid=11927>
Koi herpesvirus disease, Italy
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Information received on [8 May 2012] from Prof. Dr. Romano Marabelli, Chief Veterinary Officer, Department for Veterinary Public Health, Food Safety and Collegial Bodies for Health Protection, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
Summary
Report type: Immediate notification
Start date: 20 Apr 2012
Date of first confirmation of the event: 27 Apr 2012 Report date: 8 May 2012 Reason for notification: First occurrence of a listed disease Manifestation of disease: Clinical disease Causal agent: Koi herpesvirus Nature of diagnosis: Suspicion, Clinical, Laboratory (advanced) This event pertains to the whole country
New outbreaks
Outbreak 1: (1 KHV)CAMPAGNA LUPIA, VENICE, VENETO Date of start of the outbreak: 20 Apr 2012 Outbreak status: Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit: farm Water type: fresh water Population type: farmed Production system: closed
Affected animals
Species: Common carp (_Cyprinus carpio_)
Morbidity: 100 percent
Mortality: 2.68 percent
Susceptible: 3288
Cases: 3288
Deaths: 88
Destroyed: 3200
Slaughtered: 0
Summary of outbreaks
Total outbreaks: 1
Apparent morbidity: 100 percent
Apparent mortality: 2.68 percent
Apparent case fatality rate: 2.68 percent Proportion susceptible animals lost: 100 percent
Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection
Introduction of new live animals
Control measures applied
stamping out
Disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s) Tracing forward Tracing back Official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste No vaccination No treatment of affected animals
Diagnostic test results
Laboratory name: Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute, Padova (National Laboratory)
Test: nested RT-PCR
Test: date 27 Apr 2012
Result: Positive
The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
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Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts
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[Koi herpesvirus disease (KHD) is caused by a herpesvirus capable of inducing a contagious and acute viraemia in common carp (_Cyprinus
carpio_) including carp ornamental varieties such as koi carp and ghost carp. KHD was first recorded in Israel in 1988, later found in Europe and the USA, and have subsequently been reported throughout the world. In Europe, the virus has caused increasing numbers of mortalities in angling waters as well as in ornamental dealers and hobbyists fish stocks.
The disease is transmitted by fish to fish contact and it is also possible that the disease can spread through contaminated water, nets and other equipment. The virus is thought to be shed through faeces, and urine, and also possibly via gills and skin. KHV may have the capacity to remain latent in its host for long periods of time before becoming active, stress is often the 'trigger' before an outbreak of the disease.
The disease was added to the OIE list in 2007; previously, it was reported to the OIE as a (non-listed) 'emerging disease' (by Singapore, 2005).
Referring to KHV's history: interestingly, PCR testing of archived samples of an earlier unexplained mass mortality of koi and common carp in the UK confirmed that KHV was already present there as early as 1996 (Denham, K. 2003. Koi herpesvirus in wild fish. Veterinary Record 153:507)
More information on KHD is found in OIE Aquatic Manual chapter (2009 update), which is available at:
<http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/aahm/2010/2.3.06_KHVD.pdf>.
A useful review is also available at
<http://www.fhs-afs.net/daa_vii_files/02.pdf>.
A map of the affected area can be accessed at <http://healthmap.org/r/2mIy> - Mods.PMB/AS]
[see also:
2011
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Koi herpesvirus disease - UK: (England) 20111027.3192 Die-off, carp - USA (06): (IN) koi herpes virus 20111005.2999 Koi herpesvirus disease - Spain: OIE 20110808.2408 Die-off, carp - USA (05): (MI): koi herpes virus 20110807.2386 2010
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Koi herpesvirus disease - UK: (England) 20100828.3069 Undiagnosed fish die-off - USA (02): (NJ) koi herpesvirus susp.
20100528.1773
Koi herpesvirus, carp - USA: (CA) 20100523.1707
2009
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Koi herpesvirus disease - UK (02): (England) 20090918.3273 Koi herpesvirus disease - UK 20090814.2893 Koi herpesvirus, carp - USA: (AZ) 20090703.2395 Koi herpesvirus disease - USA (AZ) 20090613.2186
2008
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Koi herpesvirus disease - UK (02): (England) 20080926.3044 Koi herpesvirus disease - UK 20080908.2807
2007
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Koi herpesvirus disease - UK (02) 20071108.3630 Koi herpesvirus disease - UK 20070817.2688] .................................................pmb/arn/mpp/ll
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